Report discoveries to non-player characters (NPC) using the "report" button
You should be in an adventure job when turning in discoveries
If you are in a battle or trade job, you will gain only 50% of the adventure fame
Turn in to the right NPC to get a QMP
If you don't care about fame or the QMP, you can report discoveries to any NPC with a "report" button
You can report discoveries to Intellectuals at company colonies, without full reward
-Abbye
Sources:
http://unchartedwaters.wikia.com/wiki/People_to_Report_Discoveries
http://unchartedwaters.olous.com/discoveries-report